resource drop %?

Doubt they'll tell us this kind of info before Alpha2. And most likely this will be tested all along the alpha process, if not all the way up until release.

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Yes. You drop items when you die to NPCs (as of Alpha 1, certainly). NPCs don't loot your body though, so if you get back in time, you might be able to grab it. If you can get to your ashes safely, based on where you were fighting.

Resource scarcity in Alpha 1 was based on scarcity of harvesting points. You'd generally get the same amount from a given harvest (from my vague memory, perhaps sometimes you'd get 2?). I never got zero items from a harvest.

It was a technical Alpha, however, and they have stated several times that the gathering system was entirely a placeholder.