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Well, to answer the question better, I think...
Usually a game has this 'baked into the core systems' for me.
I'll give three situations, one from Elite Dangerous, one from Absolver, and one from BDO.
When someone chooses to attack you in Elite Dangerous, you're almost always in a situation where you can 'avoid the situation' to an extent, and even if you don't have the skill or build to do so at step 1, you should probably have the ability to do it on step 2.
If you don't, it doesn't feel like 'the player is doing something they shouldn't be doing'. They might be attacking you for no 'real reason' other than being a ganker, and they might definitely set you back, but the game's NPCs do this just as often, and you're in
comparable
danger if you're the sort of player that has the tier of skill or ship that even CAN be 'griefed'. Other than that, it's relatively difficult to do this, so it's easy to stay chill about it when it does happen, it's just 'part of the game'.
In Absolver, you can be attacked anytime by any player, but there is no loss for this. If anything you're encouraged to fight. But I've had situations where people attack in the middle of trying to do something else against a PvE 'boss' or similar. The situation I refer to today, though, was two players who 'ran up to me and indicated they wanted to fight'. Now, being really used to this game, I expected a 1v1 and it started that way, but then the other jumped in.
Then, because you can 'raise' your opponent after you beat them, they did this. I thought this was it. They did the 'raise' and I took it, and they immediately started to BOTH attack again. Then beat me, then did some taunt emotes, then did it again. About... five more times I think. I let them, because... I don't even know what they wanted. It has no benefit to either them or me, but I can see how this sort of thing would be very annoying to a specific type of person. Except that there's no real loss in the game of that specific type. It's moreso 'you are unable to make progress when you lose a fight'. The only loss is potential gains from winning. So while I could have 'not accepted their raise', I just kept going with it because I pity this sort of person.
In BDO, same situation as above. I think it was entirely valid because I think these were Guild War opponents. I left town, they instakilled me because it's BDO and TTK with TWO attackers when you are stupidly in gathering/riding gear is instant. I had other things to do and was not planning on doing anything serious anyway so I just logged off, I didn't feel like 'giving them kills to check if I outgeared them enough to win'.
The last one is the closest to 'griefing' but the previous counts too in parallel. The Absolver players probably DID just want to 'laugh at potentially making someone else miserable' so I just let them imagine whatever they liked until I actually needed to prep for stream.
The BDO pair was doing what the game wants them to do. I can't complain at them, it's BDO that is broken. So I was pretty 'mad'. If you combine the two situations, where it was 'Two people attacking because the game says they benefit from doing so', and 'These two people can keep attacking over and over', I'm pretty sure it's the game that is trash, EVEN if the players are like the ones from the Absolver example.
But much like Dygz, the thing that keeps me calmest when being griefed is that I 'die quickly' and 'my opponent gains little for continuing after the first such death'. Because if the game isn't terrible, I always have a counter to anything on the 'griefing' tier, and if the game IS terrible, who cares?