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Ambivalent.
The issue with 'invite a friend' is that it quickly turns into 'form a community of duelists on one big friends list and lock that down'.
However, if those players need to at least earn their gear, it's probably fine.
I don't quite see the POINT of 'max level character with no equivalent gear' but it would honestly seem so 'pointless' to me that I'd have to spend much more time analyzing what the likeliest 'negative use case' is.
I believe Intrepid has implied that there will be SOME sort of 'testing ground' though, so perhaps they've already done that 'deep dive'.
As for why this matters to me so much, server caps.
Ashes has a very specific server cap and a very specific number of players required for the game to feel 'alive' and 'engaging' for the AVERAGE player.
Every player who is 'registered toward the server cap of Server A' who is actually 'in the Arena dueling, not interactable with the rest of the world', makes Server A feel a little more empty. I'm glad that you would definitely interact with the world. I certainly will.
And I know a lot of people whose response to any instanced Arena would be:
"Damn I need to find someone to PL me so I can get to playing the real game."
"I should get myself a crafting alt to afk-farm stuff to make money for my gear."
"Finally, got through all that pointless MMO stuff, who wants matches?"
"Yeah man I found a Node for quick exp, everyone should head there so we can level faster so we can have some proper arena matches." (then basically never support the Node again)
I would prefer those people don't look at Ashes Arena and go 'yeah I should get into this game, too bad I have to deal with all this MMO gearing up crap, but so it is'.
But that's going to happen as long as there is ANY arena, and then the question just becomes 'how good are players at turning your training mode into an Arena?'